This study aimed to determine factors affecting client trust in the context of online banking. We planned to examine the effect of variables; security, privacy, usability, and reputation, perceived by customers, on client trust in online banking. Since commitment has a critical role in establishing long term relations, we include association between trust and commitment in the context of online banking. According to objective, this research is applied and is descriptive-survey on the basis of data gathering method. We surveyed 130 customers of Saman bank and analyzed gathered data with descriptive and inferential statistics regard to factors that affect client trust in online banking. Consequently, we showed direct and significant association between trust and variables such as security, privacy, usability, and reputation. Moreover, we found out that the association between trust and commitment of clients is direct and confirmed at 95% significance. Finally, we showed that we could consider trust as a mediator or intervening variable to promote affective commitment of the clients of the context of online banking.

This article examines frameworks governing fiscal management in Zimbabwe. Frameworks are the proximate contexts within which fiscal processes are administered and regulated. Research findings suggest that while Zimbabwe has fairly elaborate fiscal frameworks and systems that are even comparable with those in the region, the political climate is disabling concerted efforts directed at resuscitating the economy and strengthening the management of the fiscal sector. Continued contestations over the implementation of the Global Political Agreement are sending conflicting signals to fiscal managers, stifling effort to re-open external lines of credit. Fiscal space for collecting revenue, financing critical public services, expenditure control, public auditing, external borrowing and debt servicing is severely strained. Some experiences in the revenue collection sector suggest processes that are shrouded in secrecy, raising fundamental questions about the extent to which all public revenues are flowing into the Consolidated Revenue Fund. Notwithstanding these challenges, the adoption of the “we eat what we kill” fiscal policy framework, the launch of the Zimbabwe Medium Term Plan 2011-2015 and the intention to set up the Zimbabwe Aid and Debt Management Office reflect concerted effort towards ensuring best practices in the management of public finances.

The continuous environmental emergencies occurred in recent years, in many areas of our country, led to an increase in attention to the problem of collection and waste management. Waste management creates situations that are particularly critical because, despite the current efforts towards the recovery and recycling, the main thrust always is the one of the landfill. Only today, in Italy, due to the occurrence of emergence of the waste, environmental issues reached a certain evidence. Internationally, however, it came to the environment for a long time and in particular the concept of Sustainable Development assumed major importance. For present and future generations, Environmental protection is fundamental to the quality of life. The challenge is to combine a sustainable long -term protection of the environment with the demands of continuing economic growth. The present study, using data from the survey, "Environmental data in the cities", by ISTAT, provides a framework on the "collection and management of municipal waste" in Italy in recent years and may be an useful tool to assess efficiency and effectiveness of policies implemented to achieve the objectives dictated by law, to protect the environment.