FUNDAMENTAL OF GENETIC COMPOSITION OF CROSS-POLLINATED CROPS

S.C. GHOSH¹*, T. DASGUPTA^2
1School of Agriculture and Rural Development, IRDM Faculty Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, Kolkata, 700103, West Bengal, India
²School of Agriculture and Rural Development, IRDM Faculty Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, Kolkata, 700103, West Bengal, India
* Corresponding Author : shyamghoshgpb@gmail.com

Received : 14-02-2023     Accepted : 18-05-2023     Published : 30-05-2023
Volume : 15     Issue : 5       Pages : 12363 - 12368
Int J Agr Sci 15.5 (2023):12363-12368

Keywords : Additive, Crops, Dominance, Genetics, Mutation, Random Mating, Selection
Conflict of Interest : None declared
Acknowledgements/Funding : Authors are thankful to School of Agriculture and Rural Development, IRDM Faculty Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, Kolkata, 700103, West Bengal, India
Author Contribution : All authors equally contributed

Plants ‘where fertilization taken place with the foreign pollen during the reproduction system which promoted or governed by different morphological, physiological, biochemical trait which is under control of the genetic architect of the genome of the species or varieties in cross pollination system. Phenotypic out- look of any genotype is the natural expression of the cumulative pooled effect of all the traits and expressed either monogenic, oligogenic, and polygenic in nature. Cross pollinated genetic composition is heterozygous and homogeneous in nature, which is followed random mating, mutation, migration, selection and genetic drift. In a panmictic population or Mendelian population, genetic architecture by means of genotypic or genic or allelic frequencies remain constant in nature in the population under principles of Hardy –Weinberg law. Gene action may be mainly additive in nature with their allelic combinations and expression. Preponderance, additive gene action in the trait preferable is to improve the trait with the means of selection per se general combining ability (GCA) specially in self-pollinated crops and on other hand’ non-additive gene action per se specific combining ability (SCA) is helpful in the hybrid breeding for the improvement of the trait of interest mainly in cross pollinated crops. Breeding, cross pollinated crops may be succeeded with heterosis or population improvement breeding techniques due to the presence of heterozygosis in the natural population and the heterosis may be achieved with the crossing of homozygous and homogeneous inbred lines which leads to the heterosis due to regaining the heterotic combination

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