SOIL, FODDER, ANIMAL CONTINUUM AND MICROMINERAL STATUS OF WATER BUFFALO (BUBALIS BUBALIS) IN MIDDLE INDO-GANGETIC PLAINS

P. SHEKHAR¹*, PANKAJ KUMAR², U. DIMRI³, M.C. SHARMA^4
1Assistant Professor, Veterinary Medicine, Bihar Veterinary College, Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna, 800014, Bihar, India
²Senior Scientist, Veterinary Medicine, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, 800014, Bihar, India
³Principal Scientist and Ex-Head, Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
⁴Ex-Director, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
* Corresponding Author : shekhar.medivri@gmail.com

Received : 02-05-2020     Accepted : 05-06-2020     Published : 15-06-2020
Volume : 12     Issue : 11       Pages : 9903 - 9906
Int J Agr Sci 12.11 (2020):9903-9906

Keywords : Buffalo, Micro Mineral, Soil, Fodder, Agro-Climatic
Academic Editor : Dr Arshad Bhat, Simona Rainis
Conflict of Interest : None declared
Acknowledgements/Funding : Authors are thankful to ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
Author Contribution : All authors equally contributed

Minerals are inorganic dietary constituents required for various metabolic processes in the buffaloes similar to other animals and man. Availability of minerals to buffaloes in appropriate quantities is a major factor determining the health and productivity. A baseline survey was conducted in randomly selected one district each (Muzaffarpur, Araria, Jehanabad, and Bhagalpur) from the four agro-climatic zones of Bihar. The aim of the investigation was to assess the status of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe) and Cobalt (Co) in soil, plant/fodder and water buffaloes. Soil (n=379), fodder (n=372) and plasma of buffaloes (n=160) were collected. Micro-minerals were estimated by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) using standard protocol. The average Cu, Zn, Fe and Co contents of soil in four representative districts (Muzaffarpur, Araria, Jehanabad, and Bhagalpur) of four agro-climatic zones of Bihar were found to be 1.21±0.05, 1.28±0.04, 56.04 ±1.27 and 0.40±0.01 µg/gm, respectively. The percent of soil deficient in Cu, Zn, Fe, and Co were 23.21%, 38.28%, 3.52%, and 27.20%, respectively. Similarly, the average Cu, Zn, Fe and Co contents of fodder were 12.07±0.25, 29.07±0.37, 145.34±8.98 and 0.28±0.01 µg/gm with deficiency of 30.37%, 43.54%, 0.80%, and 21.77%, respectively. The overall prevalence of Cu, Zn, Fe and Co deficiency in plasma samples of buffalo was 41.54%, 33.49%, 7.57% and 48.13% in the four districts of three agro-climatic zones of Bihar.

1. Soetan K.O., Olaiya C.O. and Oyewole O.E. (2010) Afr. J. food Sci., 4, 200-222.
2. Guyot H., Saegerman C., Lebreton P., Sandersen C. and Rollin F. (2009) J Trace Elements in Medicine and Biolog., 23, 116-123.
3. Sharma M.C., Joshi C. and Das G. (2008) Vet. Res. Commun., 32, 49-63.
4. McDowell L.R, Cornad J.H. and Hembry E.G. (1993) Minerals for Grazing Ruminants in Tropical Regions. Animal Science Department, University of Florida, Gannesvilli, USA.
5. Garg M.R., Bhanderi B.M., Biradar, Sherasia P.L. and Singh D.K. (1999) Ind. J Dairy Sci., 52, 69-77.
6. Shanker S. and Mandal K.G. (2010) Vet. World, 3, 227-229.
7. Franeck M.A. (1992) Environ. Poll., 76, 251-257.
8. Trolson J.E. (1969) Outline for in vitro digestion of forage samples. Res. Stn. Shift Current., Saskatchewan, Canada.
9. Kolmer J.A., Spanbling E.H. and Robinson H.W. (1951) Approved Laboratory Technique. Appleton Century Crofts, New York.
10. Snedecor G.W. and Cochran W.G. (1994) Statistical methods, Iowa State University ress, Ames, Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
11. Garg M.R., Bhanderi B.M., Biradar S.A., Kukreja J.L. and Sherasia P.L. (2007) Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 6, 484-487.
12. McDowell L.R. (1985) Nutrition of grazing ruminants in warm climates. Academic Press. Orlando, Florida, USA.
13. McDowell L.R. (1987) World Rev. Anim. Prod., 33,19-31.
14. Kumar P., Sharma M.C. and Joshi C. (2005) Ind. J. Anim. Sci., 75, 905-910.
15. Kumar P., Sharma M.C., Joshi C and Saxena N. (2005b) Ind. Vet. J., 82,964-966.
16. Kumar P., Sharma M.C. and Joshi C. (2007) Ind. J. Anim. Sci., 77, 86-91.
17. Sharma, M.C., Kumar, P., Joshi, C. and Kaur, H. (2006) Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 1, 33-41.
18. Kumar P. (2006) Ph.D. Thesis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
19. Humphries W.R., Phillippo M., Young B.W. and Bremner I. (1983) British J. of Nut., 49,77-86.
20. Hall J.O. (2005) Mid-South Ruminant Nutrition Conference, 21-26.
21. Devi S., Yatoo, Kumar P., Tiwary R and Sharma M.C. (2011) Ind. J. Vet. Med., 31, 109-111.
22. Singh R.K., Mishra S.K., Swain R.K., Dehuri P.K., and Sahoo G.R. (2011) Anim. Nut. And Feed Tech., 11, 177-184.
23. Smith O.B. and Akinbamijo O.O. (2000) Anim. Rep. Sci., 60-61, 549-560.
24. Cox F.R. and Kamprath E.J. (1972) In micronutrients in agriculture by J.J. Mortvedt, F.M. Goirdana and W.L.Lindsay, Madison, Wisconcin, USA.
25. NRC (2001) Minerals. In, Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals. (7th Edn.). Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC, 105-161.
26. McDowell L. R. (1992) Minerals in Animal and Human Nutrition. Academic Press, New York.
27. Sarma K., Kalita G., Das K.C., Ali A., Das G., Buragohai R. and Saikia B. (2011) Ind. J. Vet. Med., 31. 79-81.
28. Kaka J.R. (2012) Ph.D. Thesis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
29. Underwood E.J. and Suttle N.F. (2001) The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock, 4th ed. CABI Pub.
30. Sharma M.C., Joshi C., Gupta S. and Pathak R. (2005) Ind. J. Vet. Med., 25.
31. Bahram A.T., Ali H., Shamsolah H. and Saeid S. (2011) Adv. In Env. Bio., 5, 1192-1194.
32. Jadav R.K., Dar A. A., Dimri U., Kumar P. and Sharma M.C. (2018) Ind. J. Ani. Sci., 88 (2), 186-190.
33. Kumar P., Sharma M. C., Joshi C and Saxena N. (2006) Ind. J. Vet. Med., 26, 119-120.
34. Bhagat D. J., Burte R. G., Kumar S., Pawar J K., Dhopavkar R. V. and Gurav S S. (2017) Adv. Agri. Res. and Tech. Journal I (I), 52-56.
35. Judson G.J. and McFarlane J.D (1998) Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 38, 707-723.
36. Baruah A. and Baruah K.K. (1997) Ind. J. Anim. Hlth., 36, 115-116.
37. McDowell L.R and Conrad J.H. (1990) Int. J. Anim. Sci., 5, 21-32.
38. Mohebbi-Fani M., Nazifi S., Ansari-Lari M. and Namazi F. (2010) Comp. Clin. Pathol., 19, 37-41.
39. Govt. of Bihar (2006) Road Map, Animal Husbandry
40. Sharma M.C., Raju S., Joshi C., Kaur H. and Varshney V.P. (2003) Asian Australasian J. Anim. Sci., 6, 519-528.