Axel Hollmann1*, Lucrecia Delfederico2, Anderson Miyoshi3, Edgardo Anibal Disalvo4, Graciela De Antoni5, Liliana Semorile6, Vasco Azevedo7
1Laboratorio de MicrobiologÃa Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y TecnologÃa, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
2Laboratorio de MicrobiologÃa Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y TecnologÃa, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
3Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
4Laboratorio de FisicoquÃmica de Membranas LipÃdicas y Liposomas, Cátedra de QuÃmica General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y BioquÃmica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
5Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en CriotecnologÃa de Alimentos (CIDCA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
6Laboratorio de MicrobiologÃa Molecular, Departamento de Ciencia y TecnologÃa, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Argentina
7Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
* Corresponding Author : ahollmann@gmail.com
Received : - Accepted : - Published : 21-12-2010
Volume : 2 Issue : 2 Pages : 30 - 43
Int J Microbiol Res 2.2 (2010):30-43
DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.9735/0975-5276.2.2.30-43
Keywords : S-layer proteins, lactobacilli, oral delivery, liposomes, vaccine design
Conflict of Interest : None declared
The S-layer, crystalline arrays of proteinaceous subunits, seems to be a typical surface structure in several lactobacilli species. Due their self-assembly ability to recrystallize into isoporous monolayers in suspension, at liquid-surface interfaces, lipid structures and on solid supports, S-layers were demonstrated to possess a great potential for nanobiotechnological applications. Interest in lactobacilli S-layer has been reinforced by claimed and demonstrated probiotic properties for human and animal consumers. Several lactobacillar S-layer have been found to be involved in adherence to intestinal epithelial cells and to the mammalian extracellular matrix. Due to these observed adhesive properties, the possible therapeutic applications of lactobacillar S-layers have become increasingly of interest, e.g. as targeted antigen delivery vehicles to host tissues. In addition, S-layers may provide superior expression levels and surface density of antigens when compared to other bacterial antigen presentation systems. It has already been demonstrated that S-layer protein subunits can be modified to carry foreign epitopes as a uniform recombinant S-layer on the Lactobacillus cell surface. The adhesion and immunogenic functions of S-layer proteins, combined with the properties of Lactobacillus spp., could lead to new, safe, and stable liposomal particles for drug delivery.
[1] Bernardeau M., Vernoux J.P., Henri-
Dubernet S. and Guéguen M. (2008)
Int J Food Microbiol., 126(3), 278-285
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[2] Felis G.E. and Dellaglio F. (2007)
Curr. Issues Intestinal Microbiol., 8,
44-61
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[3] Björkroth J., Ristiniemi M., Vandamme
P.and Korkeala H. (2005) Int. J. Food
Microbiol., 97, 267-276
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[4] Åvall-Jääskeläinen S. and Palva A.
(2005) FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 29,
511–529
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[5] Sleytr U.B. (1978). Int. Rev. Cytol., 53,
1-64
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[6] Sleytr U.B. and Glauert A.M. (1975) J.
Ultrastruct. Res., 50, 103-116
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[7] Sleytr U.B., Huber C., Ilk N., Pum D.,
Schuster B. and Egelseer E.M.
(2007) FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 267,
131–144
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[8] Masuda K. and Kawata T. (1979)
Microbiol. Immunol., 23, 941-953
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[9] Fouet A. (2009). Mol Aspects Med.,
30(6), 374-385
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[10] Engelhardt H. (2007) J. Struct. Biol.,
160, 115-124
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[11] Lepault J., Martin M. and Leonard K.
(1986) J. Bacteriol., 168, 303-308
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[12] Sàra M. and Sleytr U.B. (2000) J.
Bacteriol., 182, 859–868
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[13] Baumeister W. and Lembcke G.
(1992) J Bioenerg. Biomembr., 24,
567-575
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[14] Sleytr U.B., Sàra M., Pum D. and
Schuster B. (2001) Prog. Surf. Sci.,
68, 231–278
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[15] Sleytr U.B. and Beveridge T.J. (1999)
Trends Microbiol., 7, 253–260
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[16] Schuster B. and Sleytr U. B. (2000)
Rev. Mol. Biotechnol., 74, 233–254
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[17] Jakava-Viljanen M., Avall-
Jaaskelainen S., Messner P., Sleytr
U.B. and Palva A. (2002) J. Bacteriol.,
184, 6786-6795
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[18] Etienne-Toumelin I., Sirard J.C., Duflot
E., Mock M. and Fouet A. (1995) J.
Bacteriol., 177, 614-620
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[19] Mesnage S., Tosi-Couture E., Mock
M., Gounon P.and Fouet A. (1997)
Mol. Microbiol., 23, 1147-1155
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[20] Takeoka A., Takumi K., Koga T. and
Kawata T. (1991) J. Gen. Microbiol.,
137, 261-267
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[21] Verbelen C., Antikainen J., Korhonen
T.K. and Dufrene Y.F. (2007)
Ultramicroscopy, 107, 1004-1011
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[22] Garrote G.L., Delfederico L., Bibiloni
R., Abraham A. G., Pérez P.F.,
Semorile L., De Antoni G.L. (2004) J.
Dairy Res., 71, 222-230
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[23] Sumper M. and Wieland F.T. (1995)
In: Glycoproteins (Eds. J. Montreuil,
J.F.G. Vliegenthart and H. Schachter).
Amsterdam: Elsevier, 455-473
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[24] Sleytr U.B., Schuster B. and Pum D.
(2003) IEEE. Eng. Med. Biol. Mag.,
22, 140-150.
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[25] Schäffer C. and Messner P. (2004)
Glycobiology, 14, 31-42
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[26] Messner P., Steiner K., Zarschler K.,
Schäffer C. (2008) Carbohydr. Res.,
343, 1934-1951
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[27] Engelhardt H. and J. Peters. (1998) J.
Struct. Biol., 124, 276–302
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[28] Steiner K., Hanreich A., Kainz B.,
Hitchen P. G., Dell A., Messner P. and
Schäffer C. (2008) Small, 4, 1728-
1740
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[29] Steiner K., Novotny R., Werz D. B.,
Zarschler K., Seeberger P. H.,
Hofinger A., Kosma P., Schäffer C.
and Messner P. (2008) J. Biol. Chem.,
283, 21120-21133
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[30] Zarschler K., Janesch B., Zayni S.,
Schäffer C. and Messner P. (2009)
Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 75, 3077-
3085
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[31] Lupas A., Engelhardt H., Peters J.,
Santarius U., Volker S. and
Baumeister W. (1994) J. Bacteriol.,
176, 1224-1233
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[32] Leibovitz E., Ohayon H., Gounon P.
and Béquin P. (1997) J. Bacteriol.,
179, 2519-2523
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[33] Olabarría G., Carrascosa J.L., de
Pedro M.A. and Berenguer J. (1996)
J. Bacteriol., 178, 4765-4772
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[34] Zhao G, Li H., Wamalwa B., Sakka M.,
Kimura T., Sakka K. (2006) Biosci.
Biotechnol. Biochem., 70, 1636-1641
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[35] Antikainen J. (2007) Ph.D. thesis.
University of Helsinki, Finland
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[36] Boot H.J., Kolen C.P.A.M., van Noort
J.M. and Pouwels P.H. (1995) J.
Bacteriol., 177, 7222-7230
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[37] Sillanpää J., Martínez B., Antikainen
J., Toba T., Kalkinnen N., Tankka S.,
Luonatmaa K., Keränen J., Höök M.,
Westerlund-Wikström B., Powels P.H.
and Korhonen T.K. (2000) J.
Bacteriol., 182, 6440-6450
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[38] Fouet A. and Mesnage S. (2002) Curr.
Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 271, 87-
113
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[39] Grogono-Thomas, R., Dworkin J.,
Blaser M.J. and Newell D.G. (2003)
Infect. Immunol., 68, 1687-1691
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[40] Lee S.W., Sabet M., Um H.S., Yang
J., Kim H.C. and Zhu W. (2006) Gene,
371, 102-111
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[41] Masuda K. and Kawata T. (1981) J.
Gen. Microbiol., 124, 81-90
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[42] Masuda K. and Kawata T. (1983)
FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 20, 145–150.
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[43] Avall-Jääskeläinen S, Hynönen U., Ilk
N., Pum D., Sleytr U.B. and Palva A.
(2008) BMC Microbiol., 8,165
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[44] Smit E., Jager D., Martinez B., Tielen
F. J. and Pouwels P.H. (2002) J. Mol.
Biol., 324, 953–964
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[45] Antikainen J., Anton L., Sillanpää J.
and Korhonen T. K. (2002). Mol.
Microbiol., 46, 381-394
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[46] Moschl A., S. Schaffer, U.B. Sleytr
and P. Messner. (1993) In: Bacterial
Paracrystaline Surface Arrays, (Eds.
T.J. Beveridge and S.F. Kowal ). New
York:Plenum Press, 281–284
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[47] Delfederico L. (2007) Ph. D. thesis.
University of Quilmes, Argentine
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[48] Mobili P., Serradell M., Trejo S.A.,
Avilés Puigvert F.X., Abraham A.G.
and De Antoni G.L. (2009) Antonie
Van Leeuwenhoek, 95, 363-372
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[49] Mozes N. and Lortal S. (1995)
Microbiology, 141, 11–19
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[50] Mercenier A., Pavan S. and Pot B.
(2003) Curr. Pharm. Des., 9, 175-191
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[51] Ristl, R., Steiner K., Zarschler K.,
Zayni S., Messner P. and Schäffer C.
(2011) Int. J. Microbiol., 2011, Article
ID 127870
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[52] Messner P., Allmaier G., Schäffer C.,
Wugeditsch T., Lortal S., König H.,
Niemetz R. and Dorner M. (1997)
FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 20, 25-46
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[53] Hollmann A., Delfederico L., De Antoni
G., Semorile L. and Disalvo E.A.
(2010) Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces,
79, 191-197
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[54] Frece J., Kos B., Svetec I.K., Zgaga
Z., Mrsa V. and Susković J. (2005) J.
Appl. Microbiol., 98, 285-292
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[55] Schneitz C., Nuotro N.and Kounatma
K. (1993) J. Appl. Bacteriol., 74, 290-
294.
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[56] Hynönen U., Westerlund B., Palva
A.and Korhonen T.K. (2002) J.
Bacteriol., 184, 3360-3367
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[57] Toba T., Virkola R., Westerlund B.,
Bjorkman Y., Sillampää J., Vartio T.,
Kalkkinen N. and Korhonen T.K.
(1995) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 61,
2467-2471
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[58] Jakava-Viljanen M. and Palva A.
(2007) Vet. Microbiol., 124, 264-273
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[59] Ouwehand A.C., Kirjavainen P.V.,
Groönlund N.M., Isolauri E. and
Salminen S.J. (1999) Int. Dairy J., 9,
623–630
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[60] Servin A.L. and Coconnier M.H.
(2003) Baillieres Best Pract. Res. Clin.
Gastroenterol., 17, 741–754.
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[61] Cesena C., Morelli L., Alander M.,
Siljander T., Tuomola E., Salminen S.,
Mattila-Sandholm T. and Von Wright
A. (2001) J. Dairy Sci., 84, 1001–
1010.
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[62] Pérez P.F., Minnaard Y., Disalvo E.A.
and De Antoni G.L. (1998) Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 64, 21–26
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[63] de Leeuw E., Li X. and Lu W. (2006)
FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 260, 210-215
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[64] Golowczyc M.A., Mobili P., Garrote
G.L., Abraham A.G. and De Antoni
G.L. (2007) Int. J. Food Microbiol.,
118, 264-273
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[65] Golowczyc M.A., Mobili P., Garrote
G.L., de Los Angeles Serradell M,
Abraham A.G., De Antoni G.L. (2009)
J. Dairy Res., 76, 111-116
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[66] Chen X., Xu J., Shuai J., Chen J.,
Zhang Z. and Fang W. (2007) Int. J.
Food Microbiol., 115, 307-312
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[67] Johnson-Henry, K.C., Hagen K.E.,
Gordonpour M., Tompkins T.A. and
Sherman P.M. (2007) Cell Microbiol.,
9, 356-367
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[68] Zhang Y.C., Zhang L.W., Tuo Y.F.,
Guo C.F., Yi H.X., Li J.Y., Han X. and
Du M. (2010) Res. Microbiol., In press
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[69] Prado Acosta M. Palomino M.M.,
Allievi M.C., Sanchez Rivas C. and
Ruzal S.M. (2008) Appl. Environ.
Microbiol., 74, 7824-7827
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[70] Prado Acosta M, Ruzal S.M., Allievi
M.C., Palomino M.M. and Sanchez
Rivas C. (2010) Appl. Environ.
Microbiol., 76, 974-977.
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[71] Buck B.L., Altermann E., Svingerud T.
and Klaenhammer T.R. (2005) Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 71, 8344-8351
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[72] Sára M., D. Pum, C. Huber, N. Ilk, M.
Pleschberger and U.B. Sleytr (2006)
In: Biological and Pharmaceutical
Nanomaterials. Nanotechnologies for
the Life Sciences, Vol. 2, (Eds. C.
Kumar). Weinheim, Germany:Wiley-
VCH, 219–252
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[73] Smith R.H., Messner P., Lamontagne
L.R., Sleytr U.B. and Unger F. M.
(1993) Vaccine, 11, 919-924
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[74] Messner P., Christian R., Kolbe J.,
Schulz G. and Sleytr U.B. (1992) J.
Bacteriol., 174, 2236-2240
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[75] Jahn-Schmid B., Messner P., Unger
F.M., Sleytr U.B., Scheiner O. and
Kraft D. (1996) J. Biotechnol., 44, 225-
231
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[76] Riedmann E.M., Kyd J.M., Smith A.M.,
Gomez-Gallego S., Jalava K., Cripps
A.W. and Lubitz W. (2003) FEMS
Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 37, 185-
192
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[77] Lubitz, W. (2001) Expert Opin. Biol.
Ther., 1, 765-771
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[78] Wang L., Sun M. and Yu. Z. (2004)
Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 119, 133-
143
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[79] Liu M Li S., Hu S., Zhao C., Bi D. and
Sun M. (2008) Appl. Microbiol.
Biotechnol., 78, 669-676
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[80] Khang Y.H., Park H.Y., Jeong Y.S.,
Kim J.A. and Kim Y.H. (2009) J.
Microbiol. Biotechnol., 19, 511-519
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[81] Konstantinov S.R., Smidt H., de Vos
W.M., Bruijns S.C., Singh S.K.,
Valence F., Molle D., Lortal S.,
Altermann E., Klaenhammer T.R. and
van Kooyk Y. (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. U S A, 105, 19474-19479
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[82] Geoffroy M.C., Guyard C.,
Quatannens B., Pavan S., Lange M.
and Mercenier A. (2000) Appl.
Environ. Microbiol., 66, 383-391
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[83] Kullen M.J. and Klaenhammer T.R.
(2000) Curr. Issues Mol. Biol., 2, 41-
50
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[84] Mercenier, A., Müller-Alouf H. and
Grangette C. (2000) Curr. Issues Mol.
Biol., 2, 17-25
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[85] Norton P.M., Le Page R.W., Wells
J.M. (1995) Folia Microbiol (Praha),
40, 225-230
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[86] Reveneau N., Geoffroy M.C., Locht
C., Chagnaud P. and Mercenier A.
(2002) Vaccine, 20, 1769-1777
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[87] Havenith C.E.G., Seegers, J.F.M.L.
and Pouwels P.H. (2002) Food Res.
Intern., 35, 151-163
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[88] Umelo-Njaka E., Nomellini J. F.,
Bingle W. H., Glasier L. G., Irvin R. T.
and Smit J. (2001) Vaccine, 19, 1406-
1415
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[89] Sleytr U.B. and Messner P. (1983)
Ann. Rev. Microbiol., 37, 311–339
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[90] Hynönen U., Avall-Jääskeläinen S.,
Palva A. (2010) Appl. Microbiol.
Biotechnol., 87, 657-668
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[91] Khaleghi M., Kermanshahi R.K.,
Yaghoobi M.M., Zarkesh-Esfahani
S.H. and Baghizadeh A. (2010) J.
Microbiol. Biotechnol., 20, 749-756
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[92] Avall-Jääskeläinen S., Kylä-Nikkilä K.,
Kahala M., Miikkulainen-Lahti T. and Palva A. (2002) Appl. Environ.
Microbiol., 68, 5943–5951
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[93] Chen X., Chen Y., Li X., Chen N.,
Fang W. (2009) J. Microbiol.
Biotechnol., 19, 1176-1183
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[94] Lasic D.D. (1998) Trends Biotechnol.,
16, 307-321
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[95] Volodkin D., Mohwald H., Voegel J.C.
and Ball V. (2007) J. Control Release,
117, 111-120
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[96] Gombotz W.R. and Wee S. (1998)
Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 31, 267–285
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[97] Rebelatto M.C., Guimond P.,
Bowersock T.L., HogenEsch H. (2001)
Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 83, 93–
105
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[98] Alpar H.O., Bowen J.C., Brown
M.R.W. (1992) Int. J. Pharm., 88,
335–344
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[99] Alonso-Romanowski S., Chiaramoni
N.S. Lioy V.S, Gargini R.A. Viera L.I.
and Taira M.C. (2003) Chem. Phys.
Lipids, 122, 191-203.
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[100] Ishihara K., Tsujino R., Hamada M.,
Toyoda N., Iwasaki Y. (2002) Colloids
Surf., B Biointerfaces, 25, 325–333
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[101] Kostarelos K., Emfietzoglouc D.and
Tadros T.F. (2005) Faraday Discuss.,
128, 379–388
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[102] Schuster B. and Sleytr U.B. (2006)
Curr. Nanosci., 2, 143–152
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[103] Baumeister W., Wildhaber I. and
Phipps B. M. (1989) Can. J.
Microbiol., 35, 215-222
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[104] Pum D. and Sleytr U.B. (1994) Thin
Solid Films, 244, 882–886
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[105] Schuster B. (2005)
Nanobiotechnology, 1, 153–164
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[106] Ilk N., Küpcü S., Moncayo G., Klimt S.,
Ecker R.C., Hofer-Warbinek R.,
Egelseer E.M., Sleytr U.B. and Sara
M. (2004) Biochem. J., 379, 441–448.
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[107] Shaw D.M., Gaerthé B., Leer R.J., van
der Stap J.G.M.M., Smittenaar C.,
Heijne
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[108] den Bak-Glashouwer M.J., Thole
J.E.R., Tielen F.J., Pouwels P.H. and
Havenith C.E.G. (2000) Immunology,
100, 510–518
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[109] Hollmann A., Delfederico L., Glikmann
G., De Antoni G.L., Semorile L. and
Disalvo E.A. (2007) Biochim. Biophys.
Acta, 1768, 393-400
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[110] Hollmann A. (2009) Ph. D. thesis.
University of Quilmes, Argentine
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[111] Schuster B., Gufler P.C., Pum D. and
Sleytr U.B. (2004) IEEE Trans.
Nanobioscience, 3, 16–21
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[112] Scheppler, L., Vogel M., Zuercher M.,
Germond J.E., Miescher S.M. and
Stadler B.M. (2002) Vaccine, 20,
2913–2920
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[113] Adams M.R. and Marteau P. (1995)
Int. J. Food Microbiol., 27, 263–264
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[114] Mader C., Küpcü S., Sleytr U.B. and
Sára M. (2000) Biochim. Biophys.
Acta, 1463, 142-150
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[115] Felis G.E. and Dellaglio F. (2007)
Curr. Issues. Intest. Microbiol., 8(2),
44-61
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[116] Masuda K. (1992). Microbiol.
Immunol., 36, 297-301
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[117] Boot H.J., Kolen C.P.A.M., van Noort
J.M. and Pouwels P.H. (1993) J.
Bacteriol., 175, 6089-6096
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[118] Boot H.J., Kolen C.P.A.M, van Noort
J.M. and Pouwels P.H. (1996)
Microbiology, 142, 2375-2384
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[119] Vidgrén G., Palva I., Pakkanen R.,
Lounatmaa K. and Palva A. (1992) J.
Bacteriol., 62, 513-520
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[120] Barker D.C. and Thorne K.J.I. (1970).
J. Cell Sci., 7, 755–785.
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[121] Hagen K., Guan L., Tannock G.W.,
Korver D.R. and Allison G.E. (2005)
Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71, 6633-
6643
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[122] Ventura M., Jankovic I., Walker D.C.,
Pridmore R.D. and Zink R. (2002)
Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68, 6172-
6181
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[123] Callegari M.L., Riboli B., Sanders
J.W., Cocconcelli P.S., Kok J.,
Venema G. and Morelli L. (1998)
Microbiology, 144, 719-726
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[124] Lortal S., van Heijenoort J., Gruber K.
and Sleytr U.B. (1992) J. Gen.
Microbiol., 138, 611-638
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[125] Mader C., Küpcü S., Sara M. and
Slyter U.B. (1999) Biochim. Biophys.
Acta, 1418, 106-116
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[126] Küpcü S., Lohner K., Mader C. and
Sleytr U.B. (1998) Mol. Membr. Biol.,
2, 69-74
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[127] Küpcü S., Sára M. and Sleytr U.B.
(1995) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1235,
263-269
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[128] Weygand M., Wetzer B., Pum D.,
Sleytr U.B., Cuvillier N., Kjaer K.,
Howes P.B. and Lösche M. (1999)
Biophys. J., 76, 458–468
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus
[129] Diederich A., Sponer C., Pum D.,
Sleytr U.B. and Lösche M. (1996)
Colloids Surf. B.: Biomembranes, 6,
335-346.
» CrossRef » Google Scholar » PubMed » DOAJ » CAS » Scopus