A study on biodegradation of propoxur by bacteria isolated from municipal solid waste

Anusha J.¹, Kavitha P. K.², Louella C. G.³, Chetan D. M.⁴, Rao C.V.⁵*
¹Department of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte-574110, Udupi District, India
²Department of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte-574110, Udupi District, India
³Department of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte-574110, Udupi District, India
⁴Department of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte-574110, Udupi District, India
⁵Department of Biotechnology Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte-574110, Udupi District, India
* Corresponding Author : vaman.rao@gmail.com

Received : -     Accepted : -     Published : 21-12-2009
Volume : 1     Issue : 2       Pages : 26 - 31
Int J Biotechnol Appl 1.2 (2009):26-31
DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.9735/0975-2943.1.2.26-31

Keywords : Municipal solid waste (MSW), Bacteria, Carbamate, Propoxur, Phenol derivative, Metabolism, Hydrolysis, biodegradation
Conflict of Interest : None declared
Acknowledgements/Funding : Funding for this project was provided by the Karnataka State Council of Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560012

Five different types of bacteria were isolated from Municipal Solid Waste and identified as Neisseria subflava, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium kutscheri, Bacillus pasteurii and Aeromonas species. Of these five different types, Neisseria subflava and Staphylococcus aureus were capable of growing on propoxur containing media. These two bacteria were grown on synthetic broth containing 100 and 200 ppm of propoxur respectively for 12 days. Residual phenol produced as a metabolite was estimated every 24 hours by colorimetry using 4 – aminoantipyrine method. Degradation pattern showed that, Neisseria subflava and Staphylococcus aureus degraded propoxur into residual phenol and basic compounds. Neisseria subflava showed constant increase in degradation of propoxur over the time after 144hrs of exposure to propoxur at 100 and 200 ppm. Nevertheless, degradation of 200 ppm propoxur was comparatively less than that of 100 ppm propoxur by Neisseria subflava. Staphylococcus aureus showed zigzag pattern of degradation indicating that for every 24 or 48 hrs of degradation of propoxur, there was decrease in growth rate indicating that the metabolite of propoxur was inhibiting the growth and then therewas recovery once again leading to increased growth rate for another 24 hrs.

[1] Palmisano A.C. and Barlaz M.A. (1996) Microbiology of Solid Waste, Ed. J. Sulzycki. CRC Press. U. S. A  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[2] Venugopalan V., Singh B., Verma N., Nahar P., Bora T. V., Das R. H. and Gautam H. K. (2008) Curr. Res. in Bacteriol. 1.1,17- 22  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[3] Fahmy M. A. H., Fukuto T. R., Myers R. O. and March R. B. (1970) J. Agric. Food Chem. 18, 793-796  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[4] Larkin M. J. and Day M. J. (1986) J. Appl. Bacteriol. 60, 233-242.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[5] Rodriguez L. D. and Dorough H. W. (1977) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 6, 47- 56  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[6] Doddamani H. P. and Ninnekar H. Z. (2001) Curr. Microbiol. 43, 69-73  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[7] Karns J. S., Mulbry W. W., Nelson J. O. and Kearney P. C. (1986) Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 25, 211-217  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[8] Chapalmadugu S. and Chaudhry G. R. (1993) J. Bacteriol. 175, 6711-6716  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[9] Chaudhry G. R. and Wheeler W. B. (1988) Water Sci. Technol. 20, 89-94  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[10] Rajgopal B. S., Rao V. R., Nagendrappa G. and Sethunathan N. (1984) Can. J. Microbiol. 30, 1458-1466  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[11] Kamanavalli C. M and Ninnekar H. Z. (2000) World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 16, 329 – 331  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[12] Bollag J. M. and Liu S. Y. (1971) Soil. Biol. Biochem. 3, 337-345  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[13] Chapalmadugu S. and Chaudhry G. R. (1991) Appl. and Environ. Microbiol. 57, 744-750  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[14] Holt J. G., Krieg N. R., Sneath P. H. A., Stanley J. T. and Williams S. T. (2000). Bergey’s manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed., p 23 – 110. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Publishers, Philadelphia, U. S. A  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[15] Chapalmadagu S. and Chaudhry G. R. (1992) Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 12, 57-89  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[16] Kind P. R. N and King E. J. (1954) J. Clin . Pathol. 7, 322 – 328  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[17] Venkateswarlu B and Seshaiah K. (1994) Talanta, 42, 73 – 76  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[18] Masashito H. and Tadahiro N. (1993) Appl. and Environ. Microbiol. 59, 2121-2125  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[19] Chaudhry G. R. and Ali A. N. (1988) Appl. and Environ. Microbiol. 54, 1414-1419  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus  

[20] Ramanand K., Sharmila M. and Sethunathan N. (1988) Appl. and Environ. Microbiol. 54, 2129-2123.  
» CrossRef   » Google Scholar   » PubMed   » DOAJ   » CAS   » Scopus